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Berwick-upon-Tweed
Berwick-upon-Tweed is a town in the county of Northumberland and is the northernmost town in England, on the east coast at the mouth of the River Tweed. It is south of the Scottish border. It is about east-south east of Edinburgh, north of Newcastle upon Tyne and north of London.
The United Kingdom Census 2011 recorded Berwick's population as 12,043. A civil parish and town council were created in 2008.〔(Parishing the Communities of Berwick, Spittal and Tweedmouth )〕
Founded as an Anglo-Saxon settlement during the time of the kingdom of Northumbria, the area was for more than 400 years central to historic border war between the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, and several times possession of Berwick changed hands between the two kingdoms. The last time it changed hands was when England again took it in 1482. Berwick remains a traditional market town and also has some notable architectural features, in particular its medieval town walls, its Elizabethan ramparts and Britain's earliest barracks buildings (1717–21 by Nicholas Hawksmoor for the Board of Ordnance).
==Name==
The name "Berwick" is of Old English origin, and is derived from the term ''bere-wīc'', combining ''bere'', meaning "barley", and ''wīc'', referring to a farm or settlement. "Berwick" thus means "barley village" or "barley farm".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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